The large majority of newer customers who have to deal with small company to medium company transactions seemed very pleased. A disconnect may be at work, where new, satisfied clients get to work with a team specially built for them while old customers get a squad less keen to satisfy them. Furthermore, government cannot exclude the Left, whether this is the underground CPP-NPA-NDF or the open democratic Left, especially as it was the Left which first articulated the call for regional autonomy as the form of self determination for the Cordillera. It is time to do away with our anti-communist blinders and red-baiting, and seriously study what the Left has to say. The national minorities continue to suffer national oppression and institutionalized discrimination which make them second class citizens and less equal to the rest of the Filipino people.

On April 24, 1980, military troops of the Marcos dictatorship gunned down Macliing Dulag of the Butbut tribe, in Bugnay, Tinglayan, Kalinga. He was killed in the dead of night in an effort to intimidate the indigenous opposition. Instead, Macliing’s death was commemorated with a Macliing memorial yearly thereafter to remember the martyrs who had given up their lives in the struggle. It also became an occasion where Cordillera advocates would come to express their solidarity with the Cordillera peoples’ struggles. Cordillera Day has since been commemorated in all of the provinces all over the region, hosted by local communities, people’s organizations and local government units. The indigenist romanticized view of tribal society as a static autonomous entity which should be preserved in its pure form shattered, as Igorots united with as broad an alliance as possible for the defense of indigenous rights.

• In their steadfast and uncompromising defense of their life, land, livelihood and resources, they earned the respect and support not only of the other national minorities in the region, but also other progressive forces both here in the Philippines and abroad.
• ✎ GRA CPA offers a variety of accounting and financial services to suit your business needs.
• However, it can be very effective in showing whether sales or revenue is increasing when compared over multiple periods.
• Additionally, each state has their own rules and applicable state laws regarding firm licensure, ethics, continuing professional education, and Peer Review requirements.
• International human rights covenants recognize that all peoples have the right to self-determination, by virtue of which they have the right to freely determine their political status and their socio-economic, political and cultural development, at their own pace.

A distribution is treated as a dividend (and taxed to the shareholders as ordinary income) to the extent the corporation has accumulated E&P. Distributions in excess of accumulated E&P are treated as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s stock basis. Distributions beyond that are treated as a sale of the shareholder’s stock, generally taxed as a long-term capital gain, depending on the holding period. GRA CPA was founded in 2010 with the intent to establish an accounting firm with the idea of delivering forward thinking solutions and unparalleled customer service to every client. As a firm, we have a passion for helping businesses find solutions to take their business to the next level. That is why we invest whatever it takes to get your business to where you always gra cpa imagined it could be.

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With compilations, or compiled financial statements, the outside accountant converts the client’s data into financial statements without providing any assurances or auditing services. GRA CPA is a licensed accounting firm located in Orlando, Florida, known for its trusted accounting professionals. The firm offers a range of services designed to meet the financial needs of its clients, standing behind the results it delivers. Consider the same example; however the corporation also has $10,000 of C Corporation E&P. The first $40,000 of the distribution represents distributing previously taxed earnings of $40,000, same as above. The next $10,000 of the distribution would be considered a taxable dividend to the shareholder (this is the amount of C Corporation E&P).

S-Corp (Form 1120S) BUSINESS INCOME TAX RETURN PREPARATION STARTING AT

However, the differentiation which was created by the fact that sections of the archipelago were not effectively colonized by Spain was never effectively bridged by the new colonizer, and up to the present-day Philippine republic. With a commitment to excellence, GRA CPA emphasizes professional integrity and personalized service. Their expertise aims to provide reliable financial solutions that strengthen client confidence and support their business objectives. We have the big firm work experience with a commitment and focus on our clients long-term financial well-being. We are committed to being with you every year, and making sure any advice we give is in your best interest.

CPA is committed to the promotion and defense of indigenous peoples’ rights, human rights, social justice, and national freedom and democracy. We believe that the Cordillera mountain range is the ancestral domain of the indigenous people in the region. The Cordillera should stand alone as one autonomous region or as one federal state, and not be subsumed in a Northern Luzon state. The militant mass movement has learned valuable lessons from the failed government experiment with regional autonomy in the ARMM and E.O. For it to be substantial, it has to be predicated on a full and substantial recognition of indigenous people’s rights.

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• These were so-called priority “development projects” of the Marcos dictatorship throughout the dark years of martial law.
• A disconnect may be at work, where new, satisfied clients get to work with a team specially built for them while old customers get a squad less keen to satisfy them.
• This is in contra-position to the people’s Cordillera Day, which has been commemorated since 1985 to commemorate the martyrdom of Macliing Dulag, and other Cordillera heroes.
• Among our founding documents was the seminal paper Towards Defining the Substance and Features of Self-Determination in the Cordillera.
• The balance sheet breaks down what the company owns (its assets) and what it owes (its liabilities).

July 15 is presently celebrated as a government holiday called Cordillera Day in the Cordillera Administrative Region. This is in contra-position to the people’s Cordillera Day, which has been commemorated since 1985 to commemorate the martyrdom of Macliing Dulag, and other Cordillera heroes. Around this time, the Cordillera People’s Liberation Army (CPLA) of Conrado Balweg had split from the Communist Party of the Philippines – New People’s Army in the region. The CPLA was soon coddled by the Aquino government after the much publicized peace talks and sipat held in Mt. Data in September 1986. On June 1-3, 1984 more than three hundred representatives from all over the Cordillera region gathered in a People’s Congress in Bontoc and organized the Cordillera People’s Alliance for the Defense of the Ancestral Domain and for Self-Determination (CPA). Among our founding documents was the seminal paper Towards Defining the Substance and Features of Self-Determination in the Cordillera.

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The State instigated the collusion of central government, the CPLA and traditional leaders to try and marginalize the mass movement and coopt its earlier gains. We were witness to the infighting and corruption of traditional leaders and opportunists who had jockeyed themselves into position in the superfluous bureaucracy of the CRA-CEB-CBAd created by E.O. The CEB-CRA-CBAd lasted from the time it was created in 1987 by EO 220 to 2000, when Congress practically abolished it by refusing to continue allocating funds for its operations. It was composed of a hodgepodge of political appointees which included Conrado Balweg and his CBAd, traditional tribal leaders who probably did not even know what regional autonomy was all about, johnnies-come-lately to the autonomy bandwagon, and the like. The decade of ferment led to increased coordination among the growing number of militant organizations, and more concerted efforts towards defining the substance and features of a program for self-determination of the indigenous peoples in the Cordillera. Cultural presentations with new revolutionary content were staged, utilizing the traditional sallidummay, uggayam, ullalim.

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The difference between S corporations with C Corporation E&P (and S corporations without C Corporation E&P), is reflected when there are distributions in excess of undistributed previously taxed income. An S corporation with C Corporation E&P is required to maintain an account called the accumulated adjustments account (AAA). This account is a tally of the S corporation’s previously taxed, but undistributed income. If an S corporation with C corporation E&P makes a distribution in excess of AAA, the excess is treated as a taxable dividend to the extent of C corporation E&P. S corporation shareholders are taxed on income whether or not the earnings are distributed. When distributions are actually made from an S corporation, they are assumed to come first from income that has already been taxed, but has remained undistributed as retained earnings.

Rather, the S corporation income flows through to the shareholders, and they pay the tax personally at the individual level, on the shareholders individual income tax return. A CPA firm must be licensed in the state in which they are domiciled (physical location) and operate. CPA mobility is a national effort to adopt a uniform system that allows licensed CPA firms to provide services across state lines without being subject to unnecessary burdens that do not protect the public interest. GRA CPA is located and actively licensed in Florida and we adhere to Florida’s Statutes – REGULATION OF PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS – CHAPTER 473 – PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY. Furthermore, we became disillusioned with government when the Corazon Aquino regime, which the mass movement had helped install through the anti-dictatorship struggle, soon excluded the CPA because of our Left orientation.

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The auditor’s report after a review will note whether the auditor is aware of any “material modifications” that should be made to the financial statements. Our in-house professionals at GRA CPA include Certified Public Accountants, IRS-certified Enrolled Agents (EA), and licensed Health and Life Agents (215). This information is detailed to ensure GRA CPA’s primary focus is on their work quality and independence as advisors.All businesses should affordably access CPA services to boost their efficiency and growth.

In 1990, RA 6766, the Organic Act to create the Cordillera Autonomous Region was submitted to the people in a plebiscite and was resoundingly rejected by the voting population except for Ifugao. Some well-meaning professionals who were involved in the original draft complained that Congress had considerable watered down their proposals, and saw the futility of their efforts. Our expert CPAs and advisors are adept at handling a variety of business and financial needs. Yes, our team consists of licensed CPAs, IRS certified Enrolled Agents, and licensed Health and Life Agents.